Healing Activity of Total Protein Extract from Mussels

MITITELU Magdalena1#, DUMITRESCU Denisa Elena2#, NICOLESCU Teodor Octavian3#, NEACȘU Sorinel Marius1#, NICOLESCU Florica4#, GHICA Manuela5#, DĂRĂBAN Maria Adriana6#, IONIȚĂ Ana Corina1#, MOROȘAN Elena1#

1Clinical Laboratory and Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest (ROMANIA)

2* Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University, Constanța (ROMANIA)

3 Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest (ROMANIA)

4 Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest (ROMANIA)

5Department of Mathematics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Pharmacy, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest (ROMANIA)

6Phaculty of Pharmacy, „Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad (ROMANIA)

Authors emails: magdamititelu@yahoo.com, denisadumitrescu@yahoo.com, nicolescu.teodor@gmail.com,  neacsu_23@yahoo.es, ancapop@hotmail.com, florica.nicolescu@gmail.com, ghica.manuela@umfcd.ro, nicole_adrianne10@yahoo.com, ionita_ana_corina@yahoo.com, morosan_elena@yahoo.com, 

#Author Contributions: All authors have equally contributed to the work reported

Abstract

This paper present the study of cicatrizing action of the total protein extract on experimental burns performed on rats.
With the total protein extract isolated from meat of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was prepared an ointment with original formula and then it was studied the cicatrizing action on experimental burns at white male rats Wistar line. The scars evolution was examined by measuring the wound area comparing with a control group and also with another lot treated with an ointment from Romanian pharmaceutical market (Cicatrizin®).

Keywords: cicatrizing action, total protein extract, mussels.

Introduction

The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels, one of much appreciated sea fruits, can become important sources of biological active substances. Their meat contents all vital components for human food: proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, glucides, macro and micro-elements, enzymes, vitamins etc. [1,2,3]. The proteins from the mussel meat have a remarkable alimentary value with an assimilation degree of 85% due to the presence in high concentrations of the hydro soluble proteins (around 30%), and also of the free amino acids which give a special aroma to the meat (40% of the total free amino acids from the mussel meat are the essential amino acids) [4,5].
Mussels are one of the mass species in the Black Sea and in the area of ​​the Romanian coast, both through natural populations and through cultural populations.
Chinese researchers have suggested that mussels may be a global bioindicator of marine pollution because they are filter organisms that retain pollutants from the environment in which they live [6]. Fishermen are highly dependent on healthy marine ecosystems, but climate change is deviating. Climate change and pollution change both the salinity and acidity of seawater and how it creates layers. Impacts can be catastrophic. These include the collapse of coral reefs, the spread of invasive species and diseases, the loss of basic predators and finally the entire structure of the marine food chain [7,8,9,10,11].
The nutritional, dietary and pharmaceutical value of mussel meat is argued by its complex biochemical composition [12]. The widespread use of omega-3 in diabetes explains its effects on the body. Patients often have high triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoproteins. Omega-3 alters the composition of plasma lipids, including triglycerides [13-20].
In this paper we have performed some experiments to study the cicatrizing action of the total protein extract from Black Sea mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on experimental burns performed on rats.

Methodology

The total protein extract was isolated from mussels tissue (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Romanian Black Sea coast. With total protein extract from mussels was prepared an ointment with original formula, made by synergistic association of yellow beeswax, wool fat, linseed oil, 0.15% calcium hydroxide solution, mussel protein extract, lemon essential oil, nipasol and 0.2% phenosept solution [21]. It was studied the cicatrizing action on experimental burns at white male rats Wistar line.
The animals were divided in 3 experimental groups of 20 rats:
control group;
one group treated with the ointment with total lipid extract from mussels;
one group treated with Cicatrizin® (an ointment from Romanian pharmaceutical market with cicatrizing action).
All animals were depilated in dorsal zone. The thermal burns were performed with a heated metallic device with a diameter of 1 cm in dorsal zone.
The treatment was made every day and the wounds evolution was examined every two day by measuring the wounds area. The data were statistical processing by t student test [22,23].

Results

The animals were presented an initial average area of wounds of 152 mm2 at the control group and of 150 mm2 at the others group (Fig. 1, Table 1).

The regenerating process took 15-16 days at rats from control group comparing to 10-12 days at the rats treated. At the place of burns it were formed a told crust (Fig. 2).

The treatment with ointment with total lipid extract from mussels had diminished the wound area with 85.81% after 10 days and had produced the total cicatrizing after 12 days without scars (Fig. 3). 

The treatment with Cicatrizin® had diminished the wound area with 91.83% after 8 days and had produced the total cicatrizing after 10 days (Table 1, Fig. 4).

Table 1. Healing action of ointment with protein extract from mussels

 

Treatment Wounds surface (mm2) / day
Day Initial 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Control

group

 152±11* 150.2±14* 127.13±15.1* 105.11±16* 71.10±11.3* 57.25±11* 35.4±9.3* 19.50±7*
Healing % 1.8 18.58 32.7 54.5 63.3 77.3 87.5
Cicatrizin 150±10.5* 130.1±10* 88±9.8* 64.13±6.8** 11.83±2.8* 4.1±0.8** 0 0
Healing % 9.13 32.87 67.4 91.83 97.46 100 100
Ointment total protein extract 150±14.2* 138.95±9* 108±9.9* 88±9.4* 57.11±7.6** 17.16±2.6** 5.65±9* 0
Healing % 5.27 23.37 42.85 62.98 85.81 96.83 100

Legend * p<0.05; ** p<0.01

Fig. 2 Wound of control group after 8 days

Fig. 3 Wound of rats treated with total lipid extract from mussels after 8 days

Fig. 4 Wound of rats treated with CICATRIZIN® after 8 days

Conclusions

The ointment with total protein extract from mussels had diminished the wound area with 85.81% after 10 days and had produced the total healing after 12 days without scars. By his complex composition, the ointment with natural extracts prepared after an original formula has an evident cicatrizing action on the teguments. Among the compounds the total protein extract from mussels accelerate the healing effect of the ointment. 

REFERENCES

  1. Mititelu, M., Ioniţă, A. C., Moroşan, E. (2014). Research regarding integral processing of mussels from Black Sea. Farmacia, 62(3), pp. 625-632
  2. Patent RO122478-B1- Process for obtaining calcium levulinate from mussel shells, involves deproteinisation, treatment with levulinic acid and purification of shell powder deproteinisation, Inventor(s): Mihele, D.; Mititelu M., Assignee: UMF CAROL DAVILA, Derwent Primary Accession Number: 2010-D19095
  3. Buşuricu, F., Roşoiu, N. (2001). Etude des phospholipides de quelques especes d’invertébrés et de poissons de la mer noire, rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Medit., 36, pp. 185  
  4. Fuentes, A., Fernández-Segovia, I., Escriche, I., Serra, J. A. (2009). Comparison of physico-chemical parameters and composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.) from different Spanish origins. Food Chemistry, 112(2), pp. 295–302
  5. Orban, E., Di Lena, G., Nevigato, T., Casini, I., Marzetti, A., Caproni, R. (2002). Seasonal changes in meat content, condition index and chemical composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured in two different Italian sites. Food Chemistry, 77(1), pp. 57–65
  6. Mititelu, M., Moroşan, E., Neacșu, S. M., Ioniţă, E. I. (2018). Research regarding the pollution degree from romanian Black Sea coast. Farmacia 66(6), pp. 1059-1063
  7. Ioniţă, A.C., Mititelu, M., Moroşan, E. (2014). Analysis of heavy metals and organic pollutants from some Danube river fishes. Farmacia 62(2), pp. 299-305
  8. Mititelu, M., Nicolescu, T. O., Ioniță, A. C., Nicolescu, F. (2012). Study of Heavy Metals and Organic Polluants From Some Fisches of Danube River,  Journal of Enviromental Protection and Ecology 13, No 2A, 869-874 
  9. Mititelu, M., Nicolescu, T. O., Ioniță, A. C., Nicolescu, F. (2012). Heavy Metals Analisys in Some Wild Edible Mushrooms , Journal of Enviromental Protection and Ecology 13, No 2A, 875-879
  10. Mititelu, M., Ghica, M., Ioniţă, A. C., Moroşan, E.  (2019). The influence of heavy metals contamination in soil on the composition of some wild edible mushrooms. Farmacia 67(3), pp. 398-404
  11. Mititelu, M., Moroşan, E., Iosif, M., Ioniţă, E. I. (2018). Analisys of quality of different types of honey from various sources. Proceedings of The Romanian National Congress of Pharmacy – 17th Edition, “21st Century Pharmacy – Between Intelligent Specialization and Social Responsibility”, Filodiritto Editore – Proceedings, pp. 84-87
  12. Mititelu, M., Nicolescu, T. O., Moroșan, E., Pop, A. L., Nicolescu, F. (2020). Study of Hypolipemiant Activity of Some Mussel Extracts. Proceedings of 6 th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications INTERDIAB (Bucharest, Romania, 5-7 March 2020), Filodiritto Editore – Proceedings, pp. 338-343
  13. Ioniță, A. C., Mititelu, M., Nicolescu, T. O., Nicolescu, F., Moroșan, E., Ozon, E. A., Ioniță, E. I. (2020). Research on the Hypolipidemic Action of Almond Oil and Almond Seeds. Proceedings of 6 th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications INTERDIAB (Bucharest, Romania, 5-7 March 2020), Filodiritto Editore – Proceedings, pp. 326-331
  14. Ioniță, A. C., Ghica, M., Moroșan, E., Nicolescu, F., Mititelu, M. (2019). In vitro effects of some synthesized aminoacetanilides N’- substituted on human leukocytes separated from peripheral blood. Farmacia 67(4), pp. 684-690
  15. Ioniță, A. C., Nicolescu, T. O., Ioniţă, E. I., Nicolescu, F., Mititelu, M. (2020). Chemical-Toxicological Research on the Evaluation of Serum Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Diabetic Arteriopathy, Proceedings of 6 th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications INTERDIAB (Bucharest, Romania, 5-7 March 2020), Filodiritto Editore – Proceedings, pp. 320-325
  16. Mititelu, M., Nicolescu, T. O., Udeanu, D. I., Nicolescu, F. (2020). Research on the Influence of Some Sweeteners on Body Weight and Blood Glucose in Laboratory Mice. Proceedings of 6 th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications INTERDIAB (Bucharest, Romania, 5-7 March 2020), Filodiritto Editore – Proceedings, pp. 332-337
  17. Mihele, D., Darmanescu, D., Cocu, F., Pop, A.L., & Mihele, D. (2008). The anti-inflammatory action of the ethanol amides of the extra-virgin Oleum olivae fatty acids by experimental acute inflammation methods on rats, Romanian Biotechnological Letters, Vol. 13, (6) supplement, pp. 56 -61
  18. Ciobanu, A. M., Pop, A. L., Crişan, S., Pali, M., Burcea-Dragomiroiu, Popa, D. E. & Bârcă, M. (2017). HPLC studies for assessing the stability of carvedilol tablets. Farmacia, 65, 523-531
  19. Lupuleasa, D., Drăgănescu, D., Hîncu, L., Tudosă, C. P., Cioacă, D. (2018). Biocompatible polymers for 3D printing, Farmacia, 66(5), pp.737-746
  20. Drăgănescu, D., Lupuliasa, D., Alexandru, G.T., Dragomiroiu, B., Roșca, A.C., Hîncu, L., Cioacă, D. (2019). 3D printing pharmaceutical formulation of drugs in personalized therapy, Farmacia, 67(1), pp.1-9
  21. Patent RO121586- B1- Regeneration and healing ointment with ptotein mussel extract, Inventor(s): Mititelu M, Mihele, D.; Derwent Primary Accession Number: 2009-B52986
  22. Mihele, D., Manolescu, B., Mladin, P., Mihele, D., Oprea, E. (2010). The cicatrizing action of a new topical product based on Ribes nigrum essential oil, Farmacia 58 (4), 465-470
  23. Ghica, M., Băncescu, I., Udeanu, D. I., Tăerel, A., Arsene, A. L., Anuța, V., Velescu, B. Șt., Gerghiceanu, F., Mititelu, M., Ioniță, A. C. (2020). Computational Approach for Small Data in Animal Models with Induced Metabolic Disorders. Proceedings of 6 th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications INTERDIAB (Bucharest, Romania, 5-7 March 2020), Filodiritto Editore – Proceedings, pp. 98-10